ABSTRACT
Actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive infection caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria, primarily of genus Actinomyces, which colonize the mouth, colon and vagina. Mucosal disruption may lead to infection virtually at any sites in the body. The aim of this study was to underline different features of actinomycosis and to represent total data about etiologic agents, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches these infections. From a total of 38 case reports or series, ninety one cases were obtained by using of relevant articles reported as recorded cases in Iran [1972 to 2012]. Analyzed data represented 21 cases of oral-servicofacial [23.1%], 7 cases of thoracic [7.7%], 17 cases of abdominal [18.7%], 21 cases of disseminated forms [23.1%] and 25 cases of others [27.5%]. Findings indicated more common of these infections in men [61.5%]. Actinomyces naeslundii [21 cases] was found as the most common causative agents in comparison with A. Israeli [15 cases], A. viscosus [3 cases] and A. bovis [1 case]. The most patients had been successfully treated with penicillin although some cases needed surgery along with antibiotic therapy. Since some clinical features of actinomycosis are similar to malignancies, so the differential diagnosis of invasive forms must be considered. This report emphasizes on the importance of differential diagnosis of actinomycosis from similar diseases by clinicians
ABSTRACT
Malassezia Species are often commensal of the human skin and scalp that opportunistically in exist of particular predisposing factors, their proliferation increases; as, in dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis which both togather affect more than 50% of humans, the excess proliferation of yeast in scalp, leads to scalp-flaking and causes physical and mental disorder in peaple, spacially in youth that their health and hiar hygiene and beauty is more important for them. Thus, this survey has been done for rapid, easy and inexpensive method to diagnosis of abnormal proliferation and invasive condition of Malassezia yeast and can be more benefical for proper treatment. Sampling with scalpel scraping from scalp of volunteer persons that had not bathed at least two day ago were done and preparation of direct microscopic slides and staining with methylene blue were accomplished. Then, survey of morpholgic characteristics, yeast quantification and mycelium detection were done by direct microscopic examination. From 140 scalp samples of adult persons of both gender [male and female] with different age groups, observation of malassezia yeast in 93.5% [131] were positive and 6.5% [9] were negative in direct microscopic examination. Results of yeast quantification in positive cases were: mild or normal flora 25.2%, intermediate 24.5%, severe 50.3%. Detection of mycelium in positive cases were 22.9% [30] [P=0.007 df=2]. Application of an accessible, easy and inexpensive method and a determinated pattern [yeast quantification with direct microscopic examination] to distinguish normal flora from abnormal condition [excess proliferation and mycelium production] in cases of Malassezia yeasts can be more useful to rapid diagnosis of abnormal proliferation and invasive condition in order to initiate a proper antifungal treatment.